Measurement of Settlement Forces on Horizontal Beams Buried in Snow Cover

Snow Cover

Snow cover is a layer of snow on the earth’s surface, which is mainly results from snowfalls. The snow cover can be temporary, when a snow melts during several hours or days after its formation, and it can be stable, when it remains for the whole winter or with short interruptions. The snow cover formation on the globe is determined (conditioned) by the geographical zonality, surface relief, an...

Spatio-temporal analysis of snow cover in Iran based on topographic characteristics

Model simulations of the modulating effect of the snow cover in a rain-on-snow event

In October 2011, the Swiss Alps underwent a marked rain-on-snow (ROS) event when a large snowfall on 8 and 9 October was followed by intense rain on 10 October. This resulted in severe flooding in some parts of Switzerland. Model simulations were carried out for 14 meteorological stations in two affected regions of the Swiss Alps using the detailed physics-based snowpack model SNOWPACK. We also...

Investigation of snow cover changes affected by climate change In North West of Iran

 In this study in order to monitor snow cover, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) optical images were used, while for detection of snow covered areas, the  snow index-NDSI, was applied. The results showed - according to the climatic conditions of the region- during the following months: December, January, February and March, most of the area is covered by snow and the max...

Effect of Differential Settlement on Frame Forces - a Parametric Study

The dynamic nature of loads, seasonal variation of soil properties, uneven soil strata below footings or inappropriate design of foundation makes differential settlement inevitable. Differential settlement is largely responsible for developing forces or changing the existing forces in the structure and is often considered as the underlying cause of many structural failures. A structural enginee...